Comparison of self-etching and conventional bifunctional coupling agent in lithium disilicate ceramic: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The aim of this systematic review is to determine the effectiveness of self-etching primers in comparison to the conventional protocol with hydrofluoric acid and silane treatment for bonding lithium disilicate ceramics. Material and Methods: The formulated PICO question for this research was: "Does self-etching silane primer surface treatment in lithium disilicate ceramics present a similar bond strength value compared to conventional hydrofluoric acid and silane treatment?". Combinations of words and appropriate truncations were adapted for each database. For the selection, duplicate articles were systematically eliminated using Mendeley software. The Cohen's Kappa statistic was then computed, RoBDEMAT questions were addressed, and the meta-analyses were conducted using RevMan 5.4, at a significance level of 5%. Results: Two independent reviewers conducted a blind and independent analysis of 190219 articles from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and OpenGrey. Subsequently, they extracted data from 21 studies for the systematic review and in 16 the meta-analysis. In all in vitro studies, the most frequently cited concentration of hydrofluoric acid was 5%. In the meta-analysis, no statistical differences were observed between the two treatments concerning bond strength. Conclusions: Self-etching silane primers demonstrate promising results in lithium disilicate bonding, suggesting their potential as an alternative surface treatment to hydrofluoric acids + silane. Key words:Lithium disilicate, Hydrofluoric acid, Dental Porcelain, Ceramics, Silanes.

Polyetheretherketone materials for removable partial denture frameworks: an integrative review.

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) resin is a high-performance thermoplastic polymer that has been introduced as a possible candidate to replace metallic components in dental prostheses. The objective of this integrative review was to compare, through analysis of studies in the literature, the mechanical performance of removable partial denture frameworks and clasps manufactured with PEEK with the performance of cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) frameworks and clasps. The guiding question was, "Does the use of PEEK as a substitute for Co-Cr alloys for the construction of removable partial denture frameworks result in better mechanical properties?" The PubMed/ MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and SciELO databases were searched for articles published through October 2021. The JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Quasi-Experimental Studies was used to assess the methodologic quality of the selected in vitro studies. A total of 208 articles were identified. After the exclusion of duplicates and articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria, 7 studies- -4 in vitro and 3 three-dimensional finite element analyses- -published between 2012 and 2021 were included in the integrative review. The appraisal checklist revealed that the reviewed studies had a low risk of bias and high methodologic quality. The results of the review showed that PEEK alloys have adequate mechanical properties for use in clasps and removable partial denture frameworks, but Co-Cr alloys exhibit better mechanical properties and are more suitable in most circumstances.

Comparison of 3- and 90-day bond strengths of 3 types of cement to nickel-chromium alloy.

The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the 3- and 90-day bond strengths of 3 cements used for luting metal-ceramic crowns. Zinc phosphate cement (ZPC; SS White), resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC; Fuji Plus), and self-adhesive resin cement (SARC; RelyX U200) were assessed in 2 different treatment conditions (with and without microsandblasting of the alloy) and at 2 experimental times (3 days [E1] and 90 days [E2] after cementation). The buccal surfaces of 84 bovine teeth were ground until the dentin was exposed, and 84 nickel-chromium alloy plates cast from a resin model were cemented to the dentin surfaces with 1 of the 3 cements (n = 28). In half of the specimens of each group (n = 14), the bonding surfaces of the nickel-chromium plates received 6 seconds of microsandblasting with 45-µm aluminum oxide particles prior to cementation. The compressive shear bond strengths of the specimens were evaluated in a universal testing machine at E1 and E2 (n = 7). The SARC group showed the greatest bond strength, followed by the RMGIC group, while the bond strength of the ZPC group was significantly lower (P < 0.01). For the RMGIC specimens subjected to microsandblasting, there was a statistically significant difference between the mean bond strengths at E1 and E2 (P = 0.040). All of the other cement and treatment groups showed statistically similar adhesion results at E1 and E2 (P > 0.05). The complementary test by Sidák revealed that the cements Fuji Plus and RelyX U200 showed higher values at E2 and were statistically similar to each other (P > 0.05). Although RMGIC specimens showed a lower initial bond strength than SARC specimens, the fact that the microsandblasted RMGIC subgroup was the only one that demonstrated a significant increase in bond strength with aging suggests that RMGIC can be a material of first choice because it also costs less than SARC.

Relation Between Insertion Torque and Implant Stability Quotient: A Clinical Study.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the relation between the insertion torque and implant stability quotient (ISQ recorded immediately and 6 months after implant placement). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five patients over the age of 18 years were selected for this study. One implant was placed per patient after tooth extraction. All implants had the same size (11.5 × 3.75 mm) and brand (Hexagonal Morse cone, DSP Biomedical). The insertion torque (Ncm) and resonance frequency analysis (ISQ value) (Osstell Mentor) were used to assess the primary stability (on the day of surgery). After 6 months, resonance frequency analysis was used to assess the secondary stability of each implant. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The insertion torque data were correlated with ISQ measurements by using Pearson's correlation. The significance level was 5%. RESULTS: There was a positive correlation between insertion torque and initial ISQ (correlation: 0.457; p = 0.022); however, no correlation was found between insertion torque and final ISQ (p = 0.308). CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that there is a positive correlation between the insertion torque and the initial ISQ. Therefore, the higher the insertion torque, the higher the initial ISQ (and vice versa).

Efeito de diferentes tratamentos de superfície sobre a resistência de união de cerâmicas odontológicas / Effect on the bond strength of different dental ceramics surface treatments

Os objetivos deste estudo foram caracterizar a superfície das cerâmicas para sistema CAD/CAM (F-Feldspática, S-Silicato de lítio reforçado por zircônia e Z-Zircônia de média translucidez) após diferentes précondicionamentos de superfície para cimentação aplicados separadamente ou combinados; e avaliar a resistência de união por microtração (RUM) e padrões de fratura (PF) entre as cerâmicas (F, S e Z) após précondicionamentos de superfície e o cimento resinoso. Foram confeccionados 150 blocos 5x5x2(±0,5)mm para análise topográfica (n=10) e 240 blocos (5×5×6(±0,5)mm) (n=8) para análise da resistência de união, divididos em 05 grupos de acordo com tipo de cerâmica, pré-condicionamento de superfície e testes realizados: (AF) condicionamento com ácido fluorídrico 10%; (AF+PC) condicionamento de com ácido fluorídrico 10% + aplicação de primer cerâmico universal (Monobond N); (PA) aplicação de primer cerâmico autocondicionante de passo único (Monobond Etch & Prime); (JT+PA) jateamento com Al2O3 revestido por SiO2 (CoJet™) + aplicação de primer cerâmico autocondicionante de passo único e (JT+PC) jateamento com Al2O3 revestido por SiO2 (CoJet™) + aplicação de PC. As análises topográficas foram realizadas após os diferentes pré-condicionamentos. A RUM e padrão de fratura foram realizadas após 24 horas de armazenagem em água ou após termociclagem. Para as análises topográficas, foi realizado a análise de variância (ANOVA - dois fatores) seguido pelo teste de Tukey (α = 0,05). Para o teste de RUM a estatística foi realizada pela análise de variância (ANOVA para medidas repetidas) sob três fatores e teste de Bonferroni (α = 0,05). Os pré-condicionamentos de superfície que usaram a combinação com jateamento apresentaram maiores valores de Ra. A ELS das cerâmicas foi influenciada pelos pré-condicionamentos, aonde JT+PC apresentou os maiores valores em F e Z. A KHN alterada penas na cerâmica Z, com um aumento significativo (p<0,05) após jateamentos (JT+PC e JT+PA). Para cerâmica F, os grupos tratados com jateamento e primers (JT+PC e JT+PA) apresentaram valores de RUM superiores aos demais tratamentos. Para cerâmica à base de S com exceção do tratamento com AF isolado, que mostrou baixo valor de RUM, todos os outros préconcidionamentos apresentaram altos valores de RUM, sem diferença significante entre eles (p>0,05). Para Z de média translucidez não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos JT+PC e JT+PA que obtiveram os maiores valores de RUM. A termociclagem reduziuos valores de RUM, com exceção da cerâmica de S condicionada com JT+PC Quanto ao padrão de fratura, pode-se observar que em todos os grupos houve predominância de falhas adesivas (superior a 70%), independente da termociclagem. Concluise que os pré-condicionamentos influenciaram na topografia estrutural e na RUM de todas as cerâmicas. O primer cerâmico autocondicionante de passo único (PA) pode ser uma alternativa viável ao uso de Ácido fluorídrico 10% + primer cerâmico universal (AF + PC) na cerâmica feldspática (F) e, ao jateamento com Al2O3 revestido por SiO2 + primer cerâmico universal (JT + PC) na cerâmica silicato de lítio reforçado por zircônia (S) e na zircônia de média translucidez (Z)(AU)

The objectives of this study were to characterize the ceramics surface for CAD / CAM system after different surface preconditions for cementation applied separately or combined; and to evaluate the microtensile bond strength (RUM) and fracture patterns (PF) between the ceramics (F, S and Z ) after surface preconditioning and the resin cement after aging. 150 5x5x2 (± 0.5) mm blocks were made for characterization analysis (n = 10) and 240 blocks (5 × 5 × 6 (± 0.5) mm) (n = 8) for bond strength analysis, divided in 05 groups according to type of ceramic, surface preconditioning and tests performed: (AF) conditioning with 10% hydrofluoric acid; (AF + PC) conditioning with 10% hydrofluoric acid + application of universal ceramic primer (Monobond N); (PA) application of single-step self-etching ceramic primer (Monobond Etch & Prime); (JT + PA) blasting with SiO2- coated Al2O3 (CoJet ™) + application of single-step self-etching ceramic primer and (JT + PC) blasting with Al2O3 coated with SiO2 (CoJet™) + PC application The surface characterization analyzes were performed after the different preconditionings. The RUM and fracture pattern were performed after 24 hours of storage in water or after thermocycling. For topographic analysis, ANOVA (two factors) was performed followed by the Tukey test (α = 0.05). For the RUM test, statistics were performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA for repeated measures) under three factors and Bonferroni test (α = 0.05). The surface preconditions that used the combination with blasting showed higher values of Ra. The ELS of ceramics was influenced by the preconditionings, where JT + PC presented the highest values in F and Z. The altered KHN feathers in ceramic Z, with a significant increase (p <0.05) after blasting (JT + PC and JT + PA). For ceramics F, the groups JT + PC and JT + PA showed RUM values higher than the other treatments. For S with the exception of treatment with isolated AF, which showed a low RUM value, all other preconditions were found to have high RUM values, with no significant difference between them (p>0.05). For Z, there was no significant difference between the treatments JT + PC and JT + PA that obtained the highest RUM values. Thermocycling reduced the values, with the exception of S ceramics conditioned with JT + PC. Regarding the fracture pattern, it can be observed that in all groups there was a predominance of adhesive failures (over 70%), regardless of thermocycling. It is concluded that the pre-conditioning influenced the structural characterization and the RUM of all ceramics. The single-step self-etching ceramic primer (PA) can be a viable alternative to the use of 10% hydrofluoric acid + universal ceramic primer (AF + PC) in feldspar ceramic (F) and, when blasting with Al2O3 coated with SiO2 + universal ceramic primer (JT + PC) in zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramics (S) and medium translucency zirconia (Z)(AU)

O desafio do restabelecimento de um sorriso antiestético por meio de prótese fixa metal-free / The challenge of restoring an unsightly smile by means of a fixed metal-free prosthesis / El desafío del restablecimiento de una sonrisa antiestética por medio de prótesis fija metal-free

Para alcançar a estética em dentes anteriores deve-se ter conhecimento de diversas técnicas e principalmente fazer a escolha correta dos materiais. As cerâmicas odontológicas estão cada vez mais presentes nas restaurações, visto que possuem ótimas propriedades ópticas e mecânicas. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi proporcionar a estética em dentes anteriores com diferentes subtratos através de uma prótese fixa metal-free. Paciente do gênero masculino, 38 anos, procurou atendimento queixando-se da estética do seu sorriso. No exame clínico foi observada uma coroa total metalocerâmica no elemento 21 e facetas de resina composta nos elementos 11,12 e 22, todas com estética insatisfatória. O dente 21 apresentava um núcleo metálico fundido adequado e os dentes 12 e 22 com tratamentos endodônticos. Foi proposta a instalação de pinos de fibra de vidro nos dentes 12 e 22. Além, da confecção de coroas totais metais-free em dissilicato de lítio nos quatro incisivos superiores com o sistema e-max ceram. O resultado final estético e funcional foi aprovado pelo paciente e pelos profissionais envolvidos(AU)

To achieve aesthetics in anterior teeth one must be aware of several techniques and especially make the correct choice of materials. Dental ceramics are increasingly present in restorations, since they have excellent optical and mechanical properties. Thus, the objective of this study was to achieve esthetics in anterior teeth with different substrate through a fixed prosthesis metal-free. A male patient, 38 years old, sought care complaining about the aesthetics of his smile. In the clinical examination a total metaloceramic crown was observed in element 21 and composite resin facets in elements 11,12 and 22, all with unsatisfactory aesthetics. Tooth 21 had a suitable molten metal core and teeth 12 and 22 with endodontic treatments. It was proposed to install fiberglass pins on the teeth 12 and 22. In addition, from the manufacture of total metal-free crowns in lithium disilicate in the four upper incisors with the e-max system ceram. The final aesthetic and functional result was approved by the patient and the professionals involved(AU)

Para alcanzar la estética en dientes anteriores se debe tener conocimiento de diversas técnicas y principalmente hacer la elección correcta de los materiales. Las cerámicas dentales están cada vez más presentes en las restauraciones, ya que poseen óptimas propiedades ópticas y mecánicas. Así, el objetivo de este estudio fue proporcionar la estética en dientes anteriores con diferentes sustratos a través de una prótesis fija metal-free. Paciente del género masculino, 38 años, buscó atención quejándose de la estética de su sonrisa. En el examen clínico se observó una corona total metalocerámica en el elemento 21 y facetas de resina compuesta en los elementos 11,12 y 22, todas con estética insatisfactoria. El diente 21 presentaba un núcleo metálico fundido adecuado y los dientes 12 y 22 con tratamientos endodónticos. Se propuso la instalación de pines de fibra de vidrio en los dientes 12 y 22. Además, de la confección de coronas totales metales libres en disilicato de litio en los cuatro incisivos superiores con el sistema e-max ceram. El resultado final estético y funcional fue aprobado por el paciente y los profesionales involucrados(AU)

Reabilitação estética anterior associando prótese metalocerâmica e prótese fixa metal-free: relato de caso / Previous aesthetic rehabilitation associated with metaloceramic prosthesis and fixed metal-free prosthesis: case report / Rehabilitación estética anterior asociando prótesis metalocerámica y prótesis fixa metal-free: reporte de caso

Devido a evolução dos sistemas cerâmicos, atualmente, são permitidas inúmeras associações de materiais restauradores. Entretanto, mimetizar as características visuais das próteses livres de metal com próteses metalocerâmica permanece um desafio. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar o caso clínico de substituição de próteses desadaptadas, homogeneizando próteses parciais fixas livres de metal e metalocerâmicas dento e implantossuportadas, após cirurgia periodontal. O paciente de 55 anos, gênero masculino, compareceu à Clínica de Prótese Parcial Fixa, da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba ­ FOA/UNESP em 2017 queixando-se dos seus dentes anteriores estarem "feios" e com a "raiz aparecendo". No exame clínico foi constatada recessão gengival nos elementos 11 e 13, os quais continham uma prótese parcial fixa de três elementos metalocerâmicas desadaptada, prótese sobre implante nos elementos 21 e 22, que apresentavam-se desadaptadas e com estética desfavorável. No exame radiográfico pôde-se observar a presença de um núcleo metálico fundido nos elementos 11 e 13. Foi proposto, então, a confecção de coroas totais livres de metal nos elementos anteriores superiores (13, 12, 11, 21 e 23) e coroa metalocerâmica para o elemento 22. Para isso, foi realizado enceramento diagnóstico inicial e, após o consentimento do paciente, foi efetuada a remoção das próteses antigas. Com a remoção, visualizamos uma . depressão na vestibular do rebordo na área do 12 (ausente), solucionado com um enxerto gengival subepitelialApós a realização dos preparos dentários e moldagem com silicone de adição as peças foram confeccionadas com sistema e.max Ceram (Ivoclar Vivadent). Após a prova estética e ajustes oclusais iniciais, as peças foram preparadas para cimentação resinosa com o sistema Variolink® N (Ivoclar Vivadent). O cimento transparente Conclui-se que, apesar da disparidade dos materiais, é possível mimetizá-los e foi selecionado previamente por meio de provas com o kit Try-In.oferecer resultados reabilitadores suficientemente estéticos e satisfatórios(AU)

Due to the evolution of ceramic systems, numerous associations of restorative materials are now permitted. However, mimicking the visual characteristics of metal-free prostheses with metal-ceramic dentures remains a challenge. Thus, the objective of this study was to report the clinical case of replacement of maladaptive dentures, homogenizing denture free and fixed metal partial dentures and implants supported after periodontal surgery. The patient, 55 years old, male, attended the Fixed Partial Prosthesis Clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry of Araçatuba - FOA / UNESP in 2017 complaining that his anterior teeth were "ugly" and with the "root appearing". In the clinical examination, gingival recession was observed in elements 11 and 13, which contained a fixed partial prosthesis of three maladaptive metal-ceramic elements, a prosthesis on implants in elements 21 and 22, the prostheses were maladapted and unfavorable esthetics. In the radiographic examination it is possible to observe the presence of a molten metal nucleus in elements 11 and 13. It was proposed, then, the manufacture of free metal crowns in the upper anterior elements (13, 12, 11, 21 and 23) and crown PFM for the element 22. For this, it performed waxing initial diagnosis and after the patient's consent, the removal of the old prosthesis were performed. Upon removal, a depression visualize the buccal flange in the area 12 (absent), solved with a subepithelial gum graft. After the dental preparations and molding with silicone of addition the pieces were made with e.max Ceram system (Ivoclar Vivadent). After the initial test and aesthetic occlusal adjustments, the pieces were prepared for cementing with resin Variolink® N system (Ivoclar Vivadent). The clear cement was previously selected by the test realized with Try-In kit. We conclude that, despite the disparity of materials, it is possible to mimic them and offer rehabilitative results sufficiently aesthetic and satisfactory(AU)

Debido a la evolución de los sistemas cerámicos, actualmente, se permiten numerosas asociaciones de materiales restauradores. Sin embargo, mimetizar las características visuales de las prótesis libres de metal con prótesis metalocerámicas sigue siendo un desafío. Así, el objetivo de este trabajo fue relatar el caso clínico de sustitución de prótesis desadaptadas, homogeneizando prótesis parciales fijas libres de metal y metalocerámicas dento e implantosuportadas, después de cirugía periodontal. El paciente de 55 años, género masculino, asistió a la Clínica de Prótesis Parcial Fija, de la Facultad de Odontología de Araçatuba - FOA / UNESP en 2017 quejándose de sus dientes anteriores estar "feos" y con la "raíz apareciendo". En el examen clínico se constató recesión gingival en los elementos 11 y 13, los cuales contenían una prótesis parcial fija de tres elementos metalocerámicos desadaptados, prótesis sobre implante en los elementos 21 y 22, las prótesis se presentaban desadaptadas y con estética desfavorable. En el examen radiográfico se puede observar la presencia de un núcleo metálico fundido en los elementos 11 y 13. Se propuso entonces la confección de coronas totales de metal en los elementos anteriores superiores (13, 12, 11, 21 y 23) y corona metalocerámica para el elemento 22. Para ello, se realizó el encerado diagnóstico inicial y, tras el consentimiento del paciente, se efectuó la remoción de las prótesis antiguas. Con la remoción, visualizamos una depresión en la vestibular del borde en el área del 12 (ausente), solucionado con un injerto gingival subepitelial. Después de la realización de los preparados dentales y moldeo con silicona de adición las piezas fueron confeccionadas con sistema e.max Ceram (Ivoclar Vivadent). Después de la prueba estética y ajustes oclusales iniciales, las piezas fueron preparadas para cementación resinosa con el sistema Variolink® N (Ivoclar Vivadent). El cemento transparente fue seleccionado previamente por medio de pruebas con el kit Try-In. Se concluye que, a pesar de la disparidad de los materiales, es posible mimetizarlos y ofrecer resultados rehabilitadores suficientemente estéticos y satisfactorios(AU)

Prostetic Rehabilitation of an Eye Globe: Case Report.

INTRODUCTION: The lack of an eye has an immediate and long-term impact on a patient's life. AIM: The aim of this study is to show a case of prosthetic rehabilitation of an eyeball. CASE REPORT: Male patient, 60 years old, sought care at the Oral Oncology Center of the São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", for the rehabilitation of the orbital cavity with an acrylic eye prosthesis. This prosthesis was made with thermopolymerizable acrylic resin and hand painted iris with oil paint on cardboard. The prosthesis was installed after finishing and polishing and the hygiene and general care instructions were explained. CONCLUSION: In the present case, the patient was satisfied with the aesthetics and comfort of the prosthesis, which demonstrates the success of the treatment.

Correlação dos níveis socioeconômicos e de educação dos pais com o índice CEO-D na primeira infância / Correlation of the socioeconomic and parents' education levels with the CEO-D index in early childhood

Introdução: estudos mostram que condições socioeconômicas podem interferir no nível de conhecimento dos pais sobre higiene bucal dos filhos, influenciando diretamente no índice de cárie. Objetivo: Avaliar o nível sócioeconômico e o conhecimento de uma amostra de 127 pais/responsáveis e correlacioná-lo com o índice de cárie diagnosticado em seus filhos com idades variando entre 3 e 5 anos. Método: foi aplicado um questionário composto por questões fechadas, abordando condições socioeconômicas e conhecimento dos pais/responsáveis sobre saúde e higienização bucal na primeira infância. Um único examinador calibrado realizou o levantamento epidemiológico nos filhos dos pais participantes. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e pelo teste de correlação linear de Pearson a um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados e Discussão: 60% dos pais possuíam renda de 3 a 5 salários mínimos, 70% com ensino médio completo e 73% das crianças com ceo-d=0. Ao avaliar a correlação entre o conhecimento dos pais/responsáveis e demais variáveis, observou-se diferença estatisticamente significante com o nível econômico/renda (p=0,006) e também com o grau de escolaridade dos pais (p=0,001). Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre a correlação de índice de ceo-d e o conhecimento sobre saúde bucal (p=0,02). Não foi constatada correlação estatisticamente significante entre o índice ceo-d e a renda familiar (p=0,95), nem com o grau de escolaridade dos pais (p=0,06). Conclusão: concluiu-se que houve correlação negativa entre o índice de ceo-d das crianças e o conhecimento dos pais/responsáveis sobre saúde bucal, e correlação positiva entre o conhecimento dos pais/responsáveis e o nível sócioeconômico.(AU)

Introduction: studies show that socioeconomic conditions may interfere with parents' knowledge about oral hygiene of children, and then influencing caries index. Objective: to evaluate the socioeconomic level and knowledge of a sample of 127 parents/guardians and correlate it with caries index diagnosed in their children, ranging 3 to 5 years. Method: a questionnaire composed of closed questions was applied, addressing socioeconomic conditions and knowledge of parents/guardians about health and oral hygiene in early childhood. A single calibrated examiner performed the epidemiological survey on children of the participating parents. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Pearson's linear correlation test at a significance level of 5%. Results and Discussion: 60% of the parents had income of 3 to 5 minimum wages, 70% with complete secondary education and 73% of the children with ceo-d = 0. When assessing the correlation between parents/guardians' knowledge and other variables, a statistically significant difference was observed with economic/income level (p = 0.006) and also with the parents' educational level (p = 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between the correlation of ceo-d index and knowledge about oral health (p = 0.02). No statistically significant correlation was found between the ceo-d index and the family income (p = 0.95), nor with the parents' educational level (p = 0.06).Conclusion: it was concluded that there was a negative correlation between the children's ceo-d index and the knowledge of the parents/guardians about oral health, and a positive correlation between the knowledge of the parents/guardians and the socio-economic level.(AU)

Gender differences in the form of maxillary central incisors analyzed using AutoCAD software.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Female teeth are considered more rounded and male teeth more quadrangular. Although lacking in scientific support, this theory helps in selecting the mold of artificial teeth for dentures. Parameters that are more reliable are sought to determine gender differences in tooth form. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess possible differences between genders in terms of tooth form: oval, triangular, or quadrangular. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample comprised 433 subjects with a mean age of 15 years selected from a population of Brazilian high school students. The maxillary right central incisor (MCI) of each subject was photographed. The images were adjusted to standardize the long axis of the tooth in the vertical position. The AutoCAD computer program was used to analyze graphically the geometric form of the tooth. According to analysis results, form was classified as oval, triangular, or quadrangular. Intraexaminer consistency was analyzed by using linear correlation coefficient and Bland Altman analysis. The relationship between gender and tooth form was analyzed by chi-square and linear regression (α=.05). RESULTS: In women, the form was 57.73% (n=127) oval, 23.54% (n=52) triangular, and 18.64% (n=41) quadrangular; while in men, the form was 54.93% (n=117) oval, 36.15% (n=77) triangular, and 8.92% (n=19) quadrangular (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: The oval form was the most prevalent in both genders. However, the triangular form was more common in men than in women, and the quadrangular form more frequent in women than in men.

Seleção visual da cor em Odontologia / Visual shade selection in Dentistry

Uma adequada seleção de cor em Odontologia é imprescindível para se alcançar um bom resultado estético. O método mais difundido para realizar tal seleção é o visual, no qual se realizam comparações simultâneas entre a cor do dente e a cor de uma escala. Dessa forma, o método de seleção visual da cor gera muitas dúvidas, que variam desde a técnica de seleção até a escala mais adequada para a equiparação da cor. O conhecimento dos aspectos inerentes à estrutura dentária, à fonte de luz, às escalas e até mesmo à pessoa que está observando a cor deve ser considerado durante a seleção. Além disso, todas essas informações devem ser corretamente transmitidas ao técnico de laboratório para que o resultado final seja o desejado. O presente artigo reúne as principais informações referentes aos dentes, fonte luminosa, observador e escalas disponíveis, assim como apresenta uma sugestão de mapa cromático para comunicação laboratorial.